/////////////// CModulePreamble ///////////////

#include <stddef.h> /* For offsetof */
#ifndef offsetof
  #define offsetof(type, member) ( (size_t) & ((type*)0) -> member )
#endif

#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(MS_WINDOWS)
  #ifndef __stdcall
    #define __stdcall
  #endif
  #ifndef __cdecl
    #define __cdecl
  #endif
  #ifndef __fastcall
    #define __fastcall
  #endif
#endif

#ifndef DL_IMPORT
  #define DL_IMPORT(t) t
#endif
#ifndef DL_EXPORT
  #define DL_EXPORT(t) t
#endif

// For use in DL_IMPORT/DL_EXPORT macros.
#define __PYX_COMMA ,

#ifndef HAVE_LONG_LONG
  // CPython has required PY_LONG_LONG support for years, even if HAVE_LONG_LONG is not defined for us
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02070000
    #define HAVE_LONG_LONG
  #endif
#endif

#ifndef PY_LONG_LONG
  #define PY_LONG_LONG LONG_LONG
#endif

#ifndef Py_HUGE_VAL
  #define Py_HUGE_VAL HUGE_VAL
#endif

#ifdef PYPY_VERSION
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY 1
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYSTON 0
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON 0

  #undef CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
  #define CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP
  #define CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP 0
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03050000
    #undef CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS
    #define CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS 0
  #elif !defined(CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS)
    #define CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS 1
  #endif
  #undef CYTHON_USE_PYLIST_INTERNALS
  #define CYTHON_USE_PYLIST_INTERNALS 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS
  #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER
  #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
  #define CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS 0
  #undef CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
  #define CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS 1
  #undef CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS
  #define CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS 0
  #undef CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS
  #define CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS 0
  #undef CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
  #define CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE 0
  #undef CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
  #define CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL 0
  #undef CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT
  #define CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
  #define CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE 0

#elif defined(PYSTON_VERSION)
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY 0
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYSTON 1
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON 0

  #ifndef CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
    #define CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS 1
  #endif
  #undef CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP
  #define CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS
  #define CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_PYLIST_INTERNALS
  #define CYTHON_USE_PYLIST_INTERNALS 0
  #ifndef CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS
    #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS 1
  #endif
  #undef CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER
  #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
  #define CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS 0
  #ifndef CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
    #define CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS 0
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS
    #define CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS
    #define CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS 1
  #endif
  #undef CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
  #define CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE 0
  #undef CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
  #define CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL 0
  #undef CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT
  #define CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT 0
  #undef CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
  #define CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE 0

#else
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY 0
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYSTON 0
  #define CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON 1

  #ifndef CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
    #define CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS 1
  #endif
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02070000
    // looks like calling _PyType_Lookup() isn't safe in Py<=2.6/3.1
    #undef CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP
    #define CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP 0
  #elif !defined(CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP)
    #define CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP 1
  #endif
  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    #undef CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS
    #define CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS 0
  #elif !defined(CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS)
    #define CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS 1
  #endif
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02070000
    #undef CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
    #define CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS 0
  #elif !defined(CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS)
    #define CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_USE_PYLIST_INTERNALS
    #define CYTHON_USE_PYLIST_INTERNALS 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS
    #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS 1
  #endif
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030300F0
    #undef CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER
    #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER 0
  #elif !defined(CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER)
    #define CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_WRITER 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
    #define CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS 0
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS
    #define CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS
    #define CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
    #define CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
    #define CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL 1
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT
    // Disabled for now.  Most extension modules simply can't deal with it, and Cython isn't ready either.
    // See issues listed here: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/init.html#sub-interpreter-support
    #define CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT (0 && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03050000)
  #endif
  #ifndef CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
    #define CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE (PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030400a1)
  #endif
#endif

#if !defined(CYTHON_FAST_PYCCALL)
#define CYTHON_FAST_PYCCALL  (CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030600B1)
#endif

#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
  #include "longintrepr.h"
  /* These short defines can easily conflict with other code */
  #undef SHIFT
  #undef BASE
  #undef MASK
#endif

#ifndef __has_attribute
  #define __has_attribute(x) 0
#endif

#ifndef __has_cpp_attribute
  #define __has_cpp_attribute(x) 0
#endif

// restrict
#ifndef CYTHON_RESTRICT
  #if defined(__GNUC__)
    #define CYTHON_RESTRICT __restrict__
  #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    #define CYTHON_RESTRICT __restrict
  #elif defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
    #define CYTHON_RESTRICT restrict
  #else
    #define CYTHON_RESTRICT
  #endif
#endif

// unused attribute
#ifndef CYTHON_UNUSED
# if defined(__GNUC__)
#   if !(defined(__cplusplus)) || (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4))
#     define CYTHON_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
#   else
#     define CYTHON_UNUSED
#   endif
# elif defined(__ICC) || (defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
#   define CYTHON_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
# else
#   define CYTHON_UNUSED
# endif
#endif

#ifndef CYTHON_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR
#  if defined(__cplusplus)
     template<class T> void CYTHON_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR( const T& ) { }
#  else
#    define CYTHON_MAYBE_UNUSED_VAR(x) (void)(x)
#  endif
#endif

#ifndef CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED
# if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
#  define CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED
# else
#  define CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED CYTHON_UNUSED
# endif
#endif

#define __Pyx_void_to_None(void_result) ((void)(void_result), Py_INCREF(Py_None), Py_None)

#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_
        #if _MSC_VER < 1300
           typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;
           typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;
        #else
           typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;
           typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;
        #endif
    #endif
#else
   #include <stdint.h>
#endif


#ifndef CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH
  #if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
    #if __has_cpp_attribute(fallthrough)
      #define CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
    #elif __has_cpp_attribute(clang::fallthrough)
      #define CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
    #elif __has_cpp_attribute(gnu::fallthrough)
      #define CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH [[gnu::fallthrough]]
    #endif
  #endif

  #ifndef CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH
    #if __has_attribute(fallthrough)
      #define CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__((fallthrough))
    #else
      #define CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH
    #endif
  #endif

  #if defined(__clang__ ) && defined(__apple_build_version__)
    #if __apple_build_version__ < 7000000 /* Xcode < 7.0 */
      #undef  CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH
      #define CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH
    #endif
  #endif
#endif

/////////////// CInitCode ///////////////

// inline attribute
#ifndef CYTHON_INLINE
  #if defined(__clang__)
    #define CYTHON_INLINE __inline__ __attribute__ ((__unused__))
  #elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #define CYTHON_INLINE __inline__
  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
    #define CYTHON_INLINE __inline
  #elif defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
    #define CYTHON_INLINE inline
  #else
    #define CYTHON_INLINE
  #endif
#endif


/////////////// CppInitCode ///////////////

#ifndef __cplusplus
  #error "Cython files generated with the C++ option must be compiled with a C++ compiler."
#endif

// inline attribute
#ifndef CYTHON_INLINE
  #if defined(__clang__)
    #define CYTHON_INLINE __inline__ __attribute__ ((__unused__))
  #else
    #define CYTHON_INLINE inline
  #endif
#endif

// Work around clang bug http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21847816/c-invoke-nested-template-class-destructor
template<typename T>
void __Pyx_call_destructor(T& x) {
    x.~T();
}

// Used for temporary variables of "reference" type.
template<typename T>
class __Pyx_FakeReference {
  public:
    __Pyx_FakeReference() : ptr(NULL) { }
    // __Pyx_FakeReference(T& ref) : ptr(&ref) { }
    // Const version needed as Cython doesn't know about const overloads (e.g. for stl containers).
    __Pyx_FakeReference(const T& ref) : ptr(const_cast<T*>(&ref)) { }
    T *operator->() { return ptr; }
    T *operator&() { return ptr; }
    operator T&() { return *ptr; }
    // TODO(robertwb): Delegate all operators (or auto-generate unwrapping code where needed).
    template<typename U> bool operator ==(U other) { return *ptr == other; }
    template<typename U> bool operator !=(U other) { return *ptr != other; }
  private:
    T *ptr;
};


/////////////// PythonCompatibility ///////////////

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02070600 && !defined(Py_OptimizeFlag)
  #define Py_OptimizeFlag 0
#endif

#define __PYX_BUILD_PY_SSIZE_T "n"
#define CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "z"

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  #define __Pyx_BUILTIN_MODULE_NAME "__builtin__"
  #define __Pyx_PyCode_New(a, k, l, s, f, code, c, n, v, fv, cell, fn, name, fline, lnos) \
          PyCode_New(a+k, l, s, f, code, c, n, v, fv, cell, fn, name, fline, lnos)
  #define __Pyx_DefaultClassType PyClass_Type
#else
  #define __Pyx_BUILTIN_MODULE_NAME "builtins"
  #define __Pyx_PyCode_New(a, k, l, s, f, code, c, n, v, fv, cell, fn, name, fline, lnos) \
          PyCode_New(a, k, l, s, f, code, c, n, v, fv, cell, fn, name, fline, lnos)
  #define __Pyx_DefaultClassType PyType_Type
#endif

#ifndef Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES
  #define Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES 0
#endif
#ifndef Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INDEX
  #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INDEX 0
#endif
#ifndef Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER
  #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER 0
#endif
#ifndef Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE
  #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE 0
#endif

#if PY_VERSION_HEX <= 0x030700A3 || !defined(METH_FASTCALL)
  // new in CPython 3.6, but changed in 3.7 - see
  // positional-only parameters:
  //   https://bugs.python.org/issue29464
  // const args:
  //   https://bugs.python.org/issue32240
  #ifndef METH_FASTCALL
     #define METH_FASTCALL 0x80
  #endif
  typedef PyObject *(*__Pyx_PyCFunctionFast) (PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs);
  // new in CPython 3.7, used to be old signature of _PyCFunctionFast() in 3.6
  typedef PyObject *(*__Pyx_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords) (PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args,
                                                          Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames);
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyCFunctionFast _PyCFunctionFast
  #define __Pyx_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords
#endif
#if CYTHON_FAST_PYCCALL
#define __Pyx_PyFastCFunction_Check(func) \
    ((PyCFunction_Check(func) && (METH_FASTCALL == (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & ~(METH_CLASS | METH_STATIC | METH_COEXIST | METH_KEYWORDS)))))
#else
#define __Pyx_PyFastCFunction_Check(func) 0
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(PyObject_Malloc)
  #define PyObject_Malloc(s)   PyMem_Malloc(s)
  #define PyObject_Free(p)     PyMem_Free(p)
  #define PyObject_Realloc(p)  PyMem_Realloc(p)
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYSTON
  // special C-API functions only in Pyston
  #define __Pyx_PyCode_HasFreeVars(co)  PyCode_HasFreeVars(co)
  #define __Pyx_PyFrame_SetLineNumber(frame, lineno) PyFrame_SetLineNumber(frame, lineno)
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyCode_HasFreeVars(co)  (PyCode_GetNumFree(co) > 0)
  #define __Pyx_PyFrame_SetLineNumber(frame, lineno)  (frame)->f_lineno = (lineno)
#endif

#if !CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE || PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02070000
  #define __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current PyThreadState_GET()
#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03060000
  //#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03050200
  // Actually added in 3.5.2, but compiling against that does not guarantee that we get imported there.
  #define __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()
#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
  #define __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current PyThreadState_GET()
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current _PyThreadState_Current
#endif

// TSS (Thread Specific Storage) API
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030700A2 && !defined(PyThread_tss_create) && !defined(Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT)
#include "pythread.h"
#define Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT 0
typedef int Py_tss_t;
static CYTHON_INLINE int PyThread_tss_create(Py_tss_t *key) {
  *key = PyThread_create_key();
  return 0; // PyThread_create_key reports success always
}
static CYTHON_INLINE Py_tss_t * PyThread_tss_alloc(void) {
  Py_tss_t *key = (Py_tss_t *)PyObject_Malloc(sizeof(Py_tss_t));
  *key = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
  return key;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void PyThread_tss_free(Py_tss_t *key) {
  PyObject_Free(key);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int PyThread_tss_is_created(Py_tss_t *key) {
  return *key != Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void PyThread_tss_delete(Py_tss_t *key) {
  PyThread_delete_key(*key);
  *key = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int PyThread_tss_set(Py_tss_t *key, void *value) {
  return PyThread_set_key_value(*key, value);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void * PyThread_tss_get(Py_tss_t *key) {
  return PyThread_get_key_value(*key);
}
// PyThread_delete_key_value(key) is equalivalent to PyThread_set_key_value(key, NULL)
// PyThread_ReInitTLS() is a no-op
#endif // TSS (Thread Specific Storage) API

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON || defined(_PyDict_NewPresized)
#define __Pyx_PyDict_NewPresized(n)  ((n <= 8) ? PyDict_New() : _PyDict_NewPresized(n))
#else
#define __Pyx_PyDict_NewPresized(n)  PyDict_New()
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 || CYTHON_FUTURE_DIVISION
  #define __Pyx_PyNumber_Divide(x,y)         PyNumber_TrueDivide(x,y)
  #define __Pyx_PyNumber_InPlaceDivide(x,y)  PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(x,y)
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyNumber_Divide(x,y)         PyNumber_Divide(x,y)
  #define __Pyx_PyNumber_InPlaceDivide(x,y)  PyNumber_InPlaceDivide(x,y)
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030500A1 && CYTHON_USE_UNICODE_INTERNALS
#define __Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr(dict, name)  _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(dict, name, ((PyASCIIObject *) name)->hash)
#else
#define __Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr(dict, name)  PyDict_GetItem(dict, name)
#endif

/* new Py3.3 unicode type (PEP 393) */
#if PY_VERSION_HEX > 0x03030000 && defined(PyUnicode_KIND)
  #define CYTHON_PEP393_ENABLED 1
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_READY(op)       (likely(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)) ? \
                                              0 : _PyUnicode_Ready((PyObject *)(op)))
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(u)   PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(u)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(u, i) PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(u, i)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(u)   PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(u)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_KIND(u)         PyUnicode_KIND(u)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_DATA(u)         PyUnicode_DATA(u)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_READ(k, d, i)   PyUnicode_READ(k, d, i)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_WRITE(k, d, i, ch)  PyUnicode_WRITE(k, d, i, ch)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_IS_TRUE(u)      (0 != (likely(PyUnicode_IS_READY(u)) ? PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(u) : PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(u)))
#else
  #define CYTHON_PEP393_ENABLED 0
  #define PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND  1
  #define PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND  2
  #define PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND  4
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_READY(op)       (0)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(u)   PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(u)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(u, i) ((Py_UCS4)(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(u)[i]))
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(u)   ((sizeof(Py_UNICODE) == 2) ? 65535 : 1114111)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_KIND(u)         (sizeof(Py_UNICODE))
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_DATA(u)         ((void*)PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(u))
  /* (void)(k) => avoid unused variable warning due to macro: */
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_READ(k, d, i)   ((void)(k), (Py_UCS4)(((Py_UNICODE*)d)[i]))
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_WRITE(k, d, i, ch)  (((void)(k)), ((Py_UNICODE*)d)[i] = ch)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_IS_TRUE(u)      (0 != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(u))
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_Concat(a, b)      PyNumber_Add(a, b)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_ConcatSafe(a, b)  PyNumber_Add(a, b)
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_Concat(a, b)      PyUnicode_Concat(a, b)
  #define __Pyx_PyUnicode_ConcatSafe(a, b)  ((unlikely((a) == Py_None) || unlikely((b) == Py_None)) ? \
      PyNumber_Add(a, b) : __Pyx_PyUnicode_Concat(a, b))
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(PyUnicode_Contains)
  #define PyUnicode_Contains(u, s)  PySequence_Contains(u, s)
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(PyByteArray_Check)
  #define PyByteArray_Check(obj)  PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyByteArray_Type)
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(PyObject_Format)
  #define PyObject_Format(obj, fmt)  PyObject_CallMethod(obj, "__format__", "O", fmt)
#endif

#define __Pyx_PyString_FormatSafe(a, b)   ((unlikely((a) == Py_None)) ? PyNumber_Remainder(a, b) : __Pyx_PyString_Format(a, b))
#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FormatSafe(a, b)  ((unlikely((a) == Py_None)) ? PyNumber_Remainder(a, b) : PyUnicode_Format(a, b))

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
  #define __Pyx_PyString_Format(a, b)  PyUnicode_Format(a, b)
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyString_Format(a, b)  PyString_Format(a, b)
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 && !defined(PyObject_ASCII)
  #define PyObject_ASCII(o)            PyObject_Repr(o)
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
  #define PyBaseString_Type            PyUnicode_Type
  #define PyStringObject               PyUnicodeObject
  #define PyString_Type                PyUnicode_Type
  #define PyString_Check               PyUnicode_Check
  #define PyString_CheckExact          PyUnicode_CheckExact
  #define PyObject_Unicode             PyObject_Str
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
  #define __Pyx_PyBaseString_Check(obj) PyUnicode_Check(obj)
  #define __Pyx_PyBaseString_CheckExact(obj) PyUnicode_CheckExact(obj)
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyBaseString_Check(obj) (PyString_Check(obj) || PyUnicode_Check(obj))
  #define __Pyx_PyBaseString_CheckExact(obj) (PyString_CheckExact(obj) || PyUnicode_CheckExact(obj))
#endif

#ifndef PySet_CheckExact
  #define PySet_CheckExact(obj)        (Py_TYPE(obj) == &PySet_Type)
#endif

#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS
  #define __Pyx_PySequence_SIZE(seq)  Py_SIZE(seq)
#else
  // NOTE: might fail with exception => check for -1
  #define __Pyx_PySequence_SIZE(seq)  PySequence_Size(seq)
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
  #define PyIntObject                  PyLongObject
  #define PyInt_Type                   PyLong_Type
  #define PyInt_Check(op)              PyLong_Check(op)
  #define PyInt_CheckExact(op)         PyLong_CheckExact(op)
  #define PyInt_FromString             PyLong_FromString
  #define PyInt_FromUnicode            PyLong_FromUnicode
  #define PyInt_FromLong               PyLong_FromLong
  #define PyInt_FromSize_t             PyLong_FromSize_t
  #define PyInt_FromSsize_t            PyLong_FromSsize_t
  #define PyInt_AsLong                 PyLong_AsLong
  #define PyInt_AS_LONG                PyLong_AS_LONG
  #define PyInt_AsSsize_t              PyLong_AsSsize_t
  #define PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask     PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask
  #define PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLongMask PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask
  #define PyNumber_Int                 PyNumber_Long
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
  #define PyBoolObject                 PyLongObject
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
  #ifndef PyUnicode_InternFromString
    #define PyUnicode_InternFromString(s) PyUnicode_FromString(s)
  #endif
#endif

#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030200A4
  typedef long Py_hash_t;
  #define __Pyx_PyInt_FromHash_t PyInt_FromLong
  #define __Pyx_PyInt_AsHash_t   PyInt_AsLong
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyInt_FromHash_t PyInt_FromSsize_t
  #define __Pyx_PyInt_AsHash_t   PyInt_AsSsize_t
#endif

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
  #define __Pyx_PyMethod_New(func, self, klass) ((self) ? PyMethod_New(func, self) : (Py_INCREF(func), func))
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyMethod_New(func, self, klass) PyMethod_New(func, self, klass)
#endif

// backport of PyAsyncMethods from Py3.5 to older Py3.x versions
// (mis-)using the "tp_reserved" type slot which is re-activated as "tp_as_async" in Py3.5
#if CYTHON_USE_ASYNC_SLOTS
  #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030500B1
    #define __Pyx_PyAsyncMethodsStruct PyAsyncMethods
    #define __Pyx_PyType_AsAsync(obj) (Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_async)
  #else
    #define __Pyx_PyType_AsAsync(obj) ((__Pyx_PyAsyncMethodsStruct*) (Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_reserved))
  #endif
#else
  #define __Pyx_PyType_AsAsync(obj) NULL
#endif
#ifndef __Pyx_PyAsyncMethodsStruct
    typedef struct {
        unaryfunc am_await;
        unaryfunc am_aiter;
        unaryfunc am_anext;
    } __Pyx_PyAsyncMethodsStruct;
#endif


/////////////// PyModInitFuncType.proto ///////////////

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3

#ifdef CYTHON_NO_PYINIT_EXPORT
// define this to void manually because PyMODINIT_FUNC adds __declspec(dllexport) to it's definition.
#define __Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC void
#else
#define __Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC PyMODINIT_FUNC
#endif

#else

#ifdef CYTHON_NO_PYINIT_EXPORT
// define this to PyObject * manually because PyMODINIT_FUNC adds __declspec(dllexport) to it's definition.
#define __Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC PyObject *
#else
#define __Pyx_PyMODINIT_FUNC PyMODINIT_FUNC
#endif

#endif

#ifndef CYTHON_SMALL_CODE
#if defined(__clang__)
    #define CYTHON_SMALL_CODE
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (!(defined(__cplusplus)) || (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 4)))
    // At least g++ 4.4.7 can generate crashing code with this option. (GH #2235)
    #define CYTHON_SMALL_CODE __attribute__((cold))
#else
    #define CYTHON_SMALL_CODE
#endif
#endif


/////////////// FastTypeChecks.proto ///////////////

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
#define __Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, type) __Pyx_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(obj), (PyTypeObject *)type)
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b);/*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *err, PyObject *type);/*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject *type1, PyObject *type2);/*proto*/
#else
#define __Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, type) PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, (PyTypeObject *)type)
#define __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type) PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type)
#define __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(err, type1, type2) (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type1) || PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type2))
#endif

#define __Pyx_PyException_Check(obj) __Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, PyExc_Exception)

/////////////// FastTypeChecks ///////////////
//@requires: Exceptions.c::PyThreadStateGet
//@requires: Exceptions.c::PyErrFetchRestore

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static int __Pyx_InBases(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b) {
    while (a) {
        a = a->tp_base;
        if (a == b)
            return 1;
    }
    return b == &PyBaseObject_Type;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b) {
    PyObject *mro;
    if (a == b) return 1;
    mro = a->tp_mro;
    if (likely(mro)) {
        Py_ssize_t i, n;
        n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(mro);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, i) == (PyObject *)b)
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    // should only get here for incompletely initialised types, i.e. never under normal usage patterns
    return __Pyx_InBases(a, b);
}


#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 2
static int __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject* exc_type1, PyObject* exc_type2) {
    // PyObject_IsSubclass() can recurse and therefore is not safe
    PyObject *exception, *value, *tb;
    int res;
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_declare
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_assign
    __Pyx_ErrFetch(&exception, &value, &tb);

    res = exc_type1 ? PyObject_IsSubclass(err, exc_type1) : 0;
    // This function must not fail, so print the error here (which also clears it)
    if (unlikely(res == -1)) {
        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(err);
        res = 0;
    }
    if (!res) {
        res = PyObject_IsSubclass(err, exc_type2);
        // This function must not fail, so print the error here (which also clears it)
        if (unlikely(res == -1)) {
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(err);
            res = 0;
        }
    }

    __Pyx_ErrRestore(exception, value, tb);
    return res;
}
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject* exc_type1, PyObject *exc_type2) {
    int res = exc_type1 ? __Pyx_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject*)err, (PyTypeObject*)exc_type1) : 0;
    if (!res) {
        res = __Pyx_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject*)err, (PyTypeObject*)exc_type2);
    }
    return res;
}
#endif

// so far, we only call PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches() with an exception type (not instance) as first argument
// => optimise for that case

static int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatchesTuple(PyObject *exc_type, PyObject *tuple) {
    Py_ssize_t i, n;
    assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc_type));
    n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    // the tighter subtype checking in Py3 allows faster out-of-order comparison
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        if (exc_type == PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i)) return 1;
    }
#endif
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        PyObject *t = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i);
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        if (likely(exc_type == t)) return 1;
        #endif
        if (likely(PyExceptionClass_Check(t))) {
            if (__Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(exc_type, NULL, t)) return 1;
        } else {
            // FIXME: Py3: PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "catching classes that do not inherit from BaseException is not allowed");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *err, PyObject* exc_type) {
    if (likely(err == exc_type)) return 1;
    if (likely(PyExceptionClass_Check(err))) {
        if (likely(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc_type))) {
            return __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(err, NULL, exc_type);
        } else if (likely(PyTuple_Check(exc_type))) {
            return __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatchesTuple(err, exc_type);
        } else {
            // FIXME: Py3: PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "catching classes that do not inherit from BaseException is not allowed");
        }
    }
    return PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, exc_type);
}

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject *exc_type1, PyObject *exc_type2) {
    // Only used internally with known exception types => pure safety check assertions.
    assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc_type1));
    assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc_type2));
    if (likely(err == exc_type1 || err == exc_type2)) return 1;
    if (likely(PyExceptionClass_Check(err))) {
        return __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(err, exc_type1, exc_type2);
    }
    return (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, exc_type1) || PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, exc_type2));
}

#endif


/////////////// MathInitCode ///////////////

#if defined(WIN32) || defined(MS_WINDOWS)
  #define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#endif
#include <math.h>

#ifdef NAN
#define __PYX_NAN() ((float) NAN)
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE float __PYX_NAN() {
  // Initialize NaN.  The sign is irrelevant, an exponent with all bits 1 and
  // a nonzero mantissa means NaN.  If the first bit in the mantissa is 1, it is
  // a quiet NaN.
  float value;
  memset(&value, 0xFF, sizeof(value));
  return value;
}
#endif

#if defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(_LDBL_EQ_DBL)
#define __Pyx_truncl trunc
#else
#define __Pyx_truncl truncl
#endif


/////////////// UtilityFunctionPredeclarations.proto ///////////////

typedef struct {PyObject **p; const char *s; const Py_ssize_t n; const char* encoding;
                const char is_unicode; const char is_str; const char intern; } __Pyx_StringTabEntry; /*proto*/

/////////////// ForceInitThreads.proto ///////////////
//@proto_block: utility_code_proto_before_types

#ifndef __PYX_FORCE_INIT_THREADS
  #define __PYX_FORCE_INIT_THREADS 0
#endif

/////////////// InitThreads.init ///////////////

#ifdef WITH_THREAD
PyEval_InitThreads();
#endif


/////////////// ModuleCreationPEP489 ///////////////
//@substitute: naming

//#if CYTHON_PEP489_MULTI_PHASE_INIT
static int __Pyx_copy_spec_to_module(PyObject *spec, PyObject *moddict, const char* from_name, const char* to_name) {
    PyObject *value = PyObject_GetAttrString(spec, from_name);
    int result = 0;
    if (likely(value)) {
        result = PyDict_SetItemString(moddict, to_name, value);
        Py_DECREF(value);
    } else if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
        PyErr_Clear();
    } else {
        result = -1;
    }
    return result;
}

static PyObject* ${pymodule_create_func_cname}(PyObject *spec, CYTHON_UNUSED PyModuleDef *def) {
    PyObject *module = NULL, *moddict, *modname;

    // For now, we only have exactly one module instance.
    if (${module_cname})
        return __Pyx_NewRef(${module_cname});

    modname = PyObject_GetAttrString(spec, "name");
    if (unlikely(!modname)) goto bad;

    module = PyModule_NewObject(modname);
    Py_DECREF(modname);
    if (unlikely(!module)) goto bad;

    moddict = PyModule_GetDict(module);
    if (unlikely(!moddict)) goto bad;
    // moddict is a borrowed reference

    if (unlikely(__Pyx_copy_spec_to_module(spec, moddict, "loader", "__loader__") < 0)) goto bad;
    if (unlikely(__Pyx_copy_spec_to_module(spec, moddict, "origin", "__file__") < 0)) goto bad;
    if (unlikely(__Pyx_copy_spec_to_module(spec, moddict, "parent", "__package__") < 0)) goto bad;
    if (unlikely(__Pyx_copy_spec_to_module(spec, moddict, "submodule_search_locations", "__path__") < 0)) goto bad;

    return module;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(module);
    return NULL;
}
//#endif


/////////////// CodeObjectCache.proto ///////////////

typedef struct {
    PyCodeObject* code_object;
    int code_line;
} __Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry;

struct __Pyx_CodeObjectCache {
    int count;
    int max_count;
    __Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries;
};

static struct __Pyx_CodeObjectCache __pyx_code_cache = {0,0,NULL};

static int __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries, int count, int code_line);
static PyCodeObject *__pyx_find_code_object(int code_line);
static void __pyx_insert_code_object(int code_line, PyCodeObject* code_object);

/////////////// CodeObjectCache ///////////////
// Note that errors are simply ignored in the code below.
// This is just a cache, if a lookup or insertion fails - so what?

static int __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries, int count, int code_line) {
    int start = 0, mid = 0, end = count - 1;
    if (end >= 0 && code_line > entries[end].code_line) {
        return count;
    }
    while (start < end) {
        mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
        if (code_line < entries[mid].code_line) {
            end = mid;
        } else if (code_line > entries[mid].code_line) {
             start = mid + 1;
        } else {
            return mid;
        }
    }
    if (code_line <= entries[mid].code_line) {
        return mid;
    } else {
        return mid + 1;
    }
}

static PyCodeObject *__pyx_find_code_object(int code_line) {
    PyCodeObject* code_object;
    int pos;
    if (unlikely(!code_line) || unlikely(!__pyx_code_cache.entries)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pos = __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__pyx_code_cache.entries, __pyx_code_cache.count, code_line);
    if (unlikely(pos >= __pyx_code_cache.count) || unlikely(__pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_line != code_line)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    code_object = __pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_object;
    Py_INCREF(code_object);
    return code_object;
}

static void __pyx_insert_code_object(int code_line, PyCodeObject* code_object) {
    int pos, i;
    __Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries = __pyx_code_cache.entries;
    if (unlikely(!code_line)) {
        return;
    }
    if (unlikely(!entries)) {
        entries = (__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry*)PyMem_Malloc(64*sizeof(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry));
        if (likely(entries)) {
            __pyx_code_cache.entries = entries;
            __pyx_code_cache.max_count = 64;
            __pyx_code_cache.count = 1;
            entries[0].code_line = code_line;
            entries[0].code_object = code_object;
            Py_INCREF(code_object);
        }
        return;
    }
    pos = __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__pyx_code_cache.entries, __pyx_code_cache.count, code_line);
    if ((pos < __pyx_code_cache.count) && unlikely(__pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_line == code_line)) {
        PyCodeObject* tmp = entries[pos].code_object;
        entries[pos].code_object = code_object;
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return;
    }
    if (__pyx_code_cache.count == __pyx_code_cache.max_count) {
        int new_max = __pyx_code_cache.max_count + 64;
        entries = (__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry*)PyMem_Realloc(
            __pyx_code_cache.entries, (size_t)new_max*sizeof(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry));
        if (unlikely(!entries)) {
            return;
        }
        __pyx_code_cache.entries = entries;
        __pyx_code_cache.max_count = new_max;
    }
    for (i=__pyx_code_cache.count; i>pos; i--) {
        entries[i] = entries[i-1];
    }
    entries[pos].code_line = code_line;
    entries[pos].code_object = code_object;
    __pyx_code_cache.count++;
    Py_INCREF(code_object);
}

/////////////// CodeObjectCache.cleanup ///////////////

  if (__pyx_code_cache.entries) {
      __Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries = __pyx_code_cache.entries;
      int i, count = __pyx_code_cache.count;
      __pyx_code_cache.count = 0;
      __pyx_code_cache.max_count = 0;
      __pyx_code_cache.entries = NULL;
      for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
          Py_DECREF(entries[i].code_object);
      }
      PyMem_Free(entries);
  }

/////////////// CheckBinaryVersion.proto ///////////////

static int __Pyx_check_binary_version(void);

/////////////// CheckBinaryVersion ///////////////

static int __Pyx_check_binary_version(void) {
    char ctversion[4], rtversion[4];
    PyOS_snprintf(ctversion, 4, "%d.%d", PY_MAJOR_VERSION, PY_MINOR_VERSION);
    PyOS_snprintf(rtversion, 4, "%s", Py_GetVersion());
    if (ctversion[0] != rtversion[0] || ctversion[2] != rtversion[2]) {
        char message[200];
        PyOS_snprintf(message, sizeof(message),
                      "compiletime version %s of module '%.100s' "
                      "does not match runtime version %s",
                      ctversion, __Pyx_MODULE_NAME, rtversion);
        return PyErr_WarnEx(NULL, message, 1);
    }
    return 0;
}

/////////////// IsLittleEndian.proto ///////////////

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_Is_Little_Endian(void);

/////////////// IsLittleEndian ///////////////

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_Is_Little_Endian(void)
{
  union {
    uint32_t u32;
    uint8_t u8[4];
  } S;
  S.u32 = 0x01020304;
  return S.u8[0] == 4;
}

/////////////// Refnanny.proto ///////////////

#ifndef CYTHON_REFNANNY
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    void (*DECREF)(void*, PyObject*, int);
    void (*GOTREF)(void*, PyObject*, int);
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  #define __Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations
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  #define __Pyx_RefNannyFinishContext()
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  #define __Pyx_GIVEREF(r)
  #define __Pyx_XINCREF(r) Py_XINCREF(r)
  #define __Pyx_XDECREF(r) Py_XDECREF(r)
  #define __Pyx_XGOTREF(r)
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#define __Pyx_XDECREF_SET(r, v) do {                            \
        PyObject *tmp = (PyObject *) r;                         \
        r = v; __Pyx_XDECREF(tmp);                              \
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#define __Pyx_DECREF_SET(r, v) do {                             \
        PyObject *tmp = (PyObject *) r;                         \
        r = v; __Pyx_DECREF(tmp);                               \
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#define __Pyx_CLEAR(r)    do { PyObject* tmp = ((PyObject*)(r)); r = NULL; __Pyx_DECREF(tmp);} while(0)
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static __Pyx_RefNannyAPIStruct *__Pyx_RefNannyImportAPI(const char *modname) {
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#if CYTHON_REFNANNY
__Pyx_RefNanny = __Pyx_RefNannyImportAPI("refnanny");
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/////////////// RegisterModuleCleanup.proto ///////////////
//@substitute: naming

static void ${cleanup_cname}(PyObject *self); /*proto*/
static int __Pyx_RegisterCleanup(void); /*proto*/

/////////////// RegisterModuleCleanup ///////////////
//@substitute: naming
//@requires: ImportExport.c::ModuleImport

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 || CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
static PyObject* ${cleanup_cname}_atexit(PyObject *module, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused) {
    ${cleanup_cname}(module);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None;
}

static int __Pyx_RegisterCleanup(void) {
    // Don't use Py_AtExit because that has a 32-call limit and is called
    // after python finalization.
    // Also, we try to prepend the cleanup function to "atexit._exithandlers"
    // in Py2 because CPython runs them last-to-first. Being run last allows
    // user exit code to run before us that may depend on the globals
    // and cached objects that we are about to clean up.

    static PyMethodDef cleanup_def = {
        "__cleanup", (PyCFunction)${cleanup_cname}_atexit, METH_NOARGS, 0};

    PyObject *cleanup_func = 0;
    PyObject *atexit = 0;
    PyObject *reg = 0;
    PyObject *args = 0;
    PyObject *res = 0;
    int ret = -1;

    cleanup_func = PyCFunction_New(&cleanup_def, 0);
    if (!cleanup_func)
        goto bad;

    atexit = __Pyx_ImportModule("atexit");
    if (!atexit)
        goto bad;
    reg = PyObject_GetAttrString(atexit, "_exithandlers");
    if (reg && PyList_Check(reg)) {
        PyObject *a, *kw;
        a = PyTuple_New(0);
        kw = PyDict_New();
        if (!a || !kw) {
            Py_XDECREF(a);
            Py_XDECREF(kw);
            goto bad;
        }
        args = PyTuple_Pack(3, cleanup_func, a, kw);
        Py_DECREF(a);
        Py_DECREF(kw);
        if (!args)
            goto bad;
        ret = PyList_Insert(reg, 0, args);
    } else {
        if (!reg)
            PyErr_Clear();
        Py_XDECREF(reg);
        reg = PyObject_GetAttrString(atexit, "register");
        if (!reg)
            goto bad;
        args = PyTuple_Pack(1, cleanup_func);
        if (!args)
            goto bad;
        res = PyObject_CallObject(reg, args);
        if (!res)
            goto bad;
        ret = 0;
    }
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(cleanup_func);
    Py_XDECREF(atexit);
    Py_XDECREF(reg);
    Py_XDECREF(args);
    Py_XDECREF(res);
    return ret;
}
#else
// fake call purely to work around "unused function" warning for __Pyx_ImportModule()
static int __Pyx_RegisterCleanup(void) {
    (void)__Pyx_ImportModule; /* unused */
    return 0;
}
#endif

/////////////// FastGil.init ///////////////
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
__Pyx_FastGilFuncInit();
#endif

/////////////// NoFastGil.proto ///////////////
//@proto_block: utility_code_proto_before_types

#define __Pyx_PyGILState_Ensure PyGILState_Ensure
#define __Pyx_PyGILState_Release PyGILState_Release
#define __Pyx_FastGIL_Remember()
#define __Pyx_FastGIL_Forget()
#define __Pyx_FastGilFuncInit()

/////////////// FastGil.proto ///////////////
//@proto_block: utility_code_proto_before_types

struct __Pyx_FastGilVtab {
  PyGILState_STATE (*Fast_PyGILState_Ensure)(void);
  void (*Fast_PyGILState_Release)(PyGILState_STATE oldstate);
  void (*FastGIL_Remember)(void);
  void (*FastGIL_Forget)(void);
};

static void __Pyx_FastGIL_Noop(void) {}
static struct __Pyx_FastGilVtab __Pyx_FastGilFuncs = {
  PyGILState_Ensure,
  PyGILState_Release,
  __Pyx_FastGIL_Noop,
  __Pyx_FastGIL_Noop
};

static void __Pyx_FastGilFuncInit(void);

#define __Pyx_PyGILState_Ensure __Pyx_FastGilFuncs.Fast_PyGILState_Ensure
#define __Pyx_PyGILState_Release __Pyx_FastGilFuncs.Fast_PyGILState_Release
#define __Pyx_FastGIL_Remember __Pyx_FastGilFuncs.FastGIL_Remember
#define __Pyx_FastGIL_Forget __Pyx_FastGilFuncs.FastGIL_Forget

#ifdef WITH_THREAD
  #ifndef CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL
    #if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112
      #define CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL _Thread_local
    #elif defined(__GNUC__)
      #define CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
    #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
      #define CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL __declspec(thread)
    #endif
  #endif
#endif

/////////////// FastGil ///////////////
//@requires: CommonStructures.c::FetchCommonPointer
// The implementations of PyGILState_Ensure/Release calls PyThread_get_key_value
// several times which is turns out to be quite slow (slower in fact than
// acquiring the GIL itself).  Simply storing it in a thread local for the
// common case is much faster.
// To make optimal use of this thread local, we attempt to share it between
// modules.

#define __Pyx_FastGIL_ABI_module "_cython_" CYTHON_ABI
#define __Pyx_FastGIL_PyCapsuleName "FastGilFuncs"
#define __Pyx_FastGIL_PyCapsule \
    __Pyx_FastGIL_ABI_module "." __Pyx_FastGIL_PyCapsuleName

#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02070000
  #undef CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL
#endif

#ifdef CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL

#include "pythread.h"
#include "pystate.h"

static CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL PyThreadState *__Pyx_FastGil_tcur = NULL;
static CYTHON_THREAD_LOCAL int __Pyx_FastGil_tcur_depth = 0;
static int __Pyx_FastGil_autoTLSkey = -1;

static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_FastGIL_Remember0(void) {
  ++__Pyx_FastGil_tcur_depth;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_FastGIL_Forget0(void) {
  if (--__Pyx_FastGil_tcur_depth == 0) {
    __Pyx_FastGil_tcur = NULL;
  }
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyThreadState *__Pyx_FastGil_get_tcur(void) {
  PyThreadState *tcur = __Pyx_FastGil_tcur;
  if (tcur == NULL) {
    tcur = __Pyx_FastGil_tcur = (PyThreadState*)PyThread_get_key_value(__Pyx_FastGil_autoTLSkey);
  }
  return tcur;
}

static PyGILState_STATE __Pyx_FastGil_PyGILState_Ensure(void) {
  int current;
  __Pyx_FastGIL_Remember0();
  PyThreadState *tcur = __Pyx_FastGil_get_tcur();
  if (tcur == NULL) {
    // Uninitialized, need to initialize now.
    return PyGILState_Ensure();
  }
  current = tcur == __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current;
  if (current == 0) {
    PyEval_RestoreThread(tcur);
  }
  ++tcur->gilstate_counter;
  return current ? PyGILState_LOCKED : PyGILState_UNLOCKED;
}

static void __Pyx_FastGil_PyGILState_Release(PyGILState_STATE oldstate) {
  PyThreadState *tcur = __Pyx_FastGil_get_tcur();
  __Pyx_FastGIL_Forget0();
  if (tcur->gilstate_counter == 1) {
    // This is the last lock, do all the cleanup as well.
    PyGILState_Release(oldstate);
  } else {
    --tcur->gilstate_counter;
    if (oldstate == PyGILState_UNLOCKED) {
      PyEval_SaveThread();
    }
  }
}

static void __Pyx_FastGilFuncInit0(void) {
  /* Try to detect autoTLSkey. */
  int key;
  void* this_thread_state = (void*) PyGILState_GetThisThreadState();
  for (key = 0; key < 100; key++) {
    if (PyThread_get_key_value(key) == this_thread_state) {
      __Pyx_FastGil_autoTLSkey = key;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (__Pyx_FastGil_autoTLSkey != -1) {
    PyObject* capsule = NULL;
    PyObject* abi_module = NULL;
    __Pyx_PyGILState_Ensure = __Pyx_FastGil_PyGILState_Ensure;
    __Pyx_PyGILState_Release = __Pyx_FastGil_PyGILState_Release;
    __Pyx_FastGIL_Remember = __Pyx_FastGIL_Remember0;
    __Pyx_FastGIL_Forget = __Pyx_FastGIL_Forget0;
    capsule = PyCapsule_New(&__Pyx_FastGilFuncs, __Pyx_FastGIL_PyCapsule, NULL);
    abi_module = PyImport_AddModule(__Pyx_FastGIL_ABI_module);
    if (capsule && abi_module) {
      PyObject_SetAttrString(abi_module, __Pyx_FastGIL_PyCapsuleName, capsule);
    }
    Py_XDECREF(capsule);
  }
}

#else

static void __Pyx_FastGilFuncInit0(void) {
  CYTHON_UNUSED void* force_use = (void*)&__Pyx_FetchCommonPointer;
}

#endif

static void __Pyx_FastGilFuncInit(void) {
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02070000
  struct __Pyx_FastGilVtab* shared = (struct __Pyx_FastGilVtab*)PyCapsule_Import(__Pyx_FastGIL_PyCapsule, 1);
#else
  struct __Pyx_FastGilVtab* shared = NULL;
#endif
  if (shared) {
    __Pyx_FastGilFuncs = *shared;
  } else {
   PyErr_Clear();
    __Pyx_FastGilFuncInit0();
  }
}
